Melasma & pigmentation

Pigmentation means areas of skin that are darker than the surrounding skin. Melasma — brownish patches on the cheeks, forehead and upper lip — is common in Indian skin and is triggered by sun, heat and hormones. Other types include sun spots, tanning and the dark marks left after acne or irritation.

Treatment depends on the type and depth of the pigment, so an accurate diagnosis comes first. Plans usually combine strict daily sun protection with prescription creams, and may add chemical peels, laser toning and skin-rejuvenation treatments over a series of sessions.

Improvement is gradual, and melasma in particular can return with sun exposure or hormonal changes, so maintenance is part of the plan. Over-the-counter steroid or 'fairness' creams can damage the skin and worsen pigmentation over time, and are best avoided.